See Romance article for more. You seem to be fighting a personal war on this site. Captured by a demented miner, Yuma is overpowered by the mighty Kiowa Chief Santana. It is important to note that the apple trees Chapman planted produced mostly cider apples, not the dessert and cooking varieties that most of us are accustomed to seeing in grocery stores. The folk music that Cash liked had a sharp edge. FWIW, some low-res screen caps gathered from three different episodes found. When Yma still lived in the Neighborhood, he and his father, Ygo, participated in ongoing wars. Cash leads off with Harlan Howards song Busted, which Columbia released as the albums only single. Bodie was 18 when he left the tribe for good to seek his fortune among white men. Will This Make Biden Acknowledge the Supreme Court Is Out of Control? Johnny Yuma was a rebel He roamed through the West Did Johnny Yuma, the rebel He wandered alone [Verse 1] He got fighting mad this rebel lad He packed no star as he wandered far Where the. The 1871-72 Open Top was the first Colt revolver specifically designed to fire metallic cartridges. Continue with Recommended Cookies, 10/4/1959 9/17/1961 ABC At the time, a board game based on the show was released by Ideal[5] in 1961. http://cwmemory.com/2011/04/05/the-next-generation/. Cheyenne knows quite a bit about wrangling animals and men. The Rebel (Johnny Yuma) is the theme song of The Rebel a 76-episode American western television series, composed by Richard Markowitz and lyrics by Andrew J. Fenady. F#m C#m He got fightin' mad, this rebel lad A He packed no star as he. In the second episode, Sturgess's real-life six-month-old nephew, Leonard Sturgess, played the baby required in the script.[2]. revolver and holster from the 1959-1961 television series "The Rebel". On Blood, Sweat and Tears, he sings of racial bondage, of racial violence, of racist murder. Yelp is a fun and easy way to find, recommend and talk about what's great and not so great in Yuma and beyond. Cheyenne understands many languages spoken by American indians, including the Sioux, the Arapaho, the Apache and the Cheyenne. ; the Rebel-Johnny Yuma; Tennessee Flat Top Box, and more! Thank goodness we had true blue southern patriots like General Forrest to combat that crazy thinking. The Rebel was one of the few Goodson-Todman Productions outside of their game-show ventures. In all the previous interpretations of the song, it is pretty clear that the convict is confident he is going to find freedom, but Cash introduces a degree of uncertainty, saying that if the captain ever catches him, he gonna shoot me down with his big gun, about a .99 caliber. (This, too, is a modification of a line published by the LomaxesCapn got a big gun, an he try to play badwhich made it into no other recorded versions.) [10] However, don't ask him to wrangle sheep. Year 1999. I dub you Angry Old Lady of Civil War Memory. Yuma gets his father's shotgun in this episode. Unlike Tell Him Im Gone, which is narrated by the convict, Another Man Done Gone is told from the perspective of a witness to a crime involving the convict. Patti Page, who seems never to have gotten her fingernails dirty, turned it into a childrens song, a theme to a suburban sitcom for a mass audience. He keeps a journal of his adventures and fights injustice where he finds it with a revolver and his dead father's sawed-off, double-barreled shotgun. It is not for children. His interpretation of most of the songs on Blood, Sweat and Tears tells the story of Americas history with racial violence. By the time Cash considered recording John Henry, the subjects identity as a Black working man, if not a Black convict, was well known. Andy has been a regular commenter on this site for a few years now and I highly respect his knowledge of the period and his willingness to share it on this site as well as his own. Busybody Yankees telling you how to live? Johnny Yuma's Revolver Share 14 posts VerMonster65 113 1 Registered Member Apr 27, 2012 #1 In the old TV show "The Rebel," Johnny Yuma (Nick Adams) carried two firearms. The 25th episode, "Fair Game", gained attention at the end of 2015 because it appears to be a principal source for Quentin Tarantino's feature The Hateful Eight, including a female prisoner (Patricia Medina) and a few significant plot twists. No one is making the claim that racism was/is a characteristic of the South to the exclusion of the rest of the country. Not sure if that helps, but it stayed in his holster in the YouTube videos I reviewed. Walking for miles every day and sleeping outdoors, he kept well ahead of the pioneers, showing a knack for predicting where they would settle and planting nurseries in those spots. Log In or Sign Up Johnny Yuma See Photos Johnny Yuma Alas, for the crime of attempting to actually ensure that freed slaves could vote and participate in society without being subjected to the tender mercies of the KKK, the damned Yankee is a villian. Black and White 30 minutes 76 episodes Cool question. Thanks for illustrating for all of us what happens when the past is viewed through the narrowest of lenses. Saunders worked in the Canton, Mississippi, roundhouse and apparently knew Casey Jones. The people I met were kind, polite, egar to help us with directions and answer our questions on just about anything we had to ask. Just found this as well that goes a little further: Johnny Ringo was the TV show guy who carried the LeMat (sorta). The predominant race in Arizona is white, making up 54.7% of the state's population. The Lomaxes first recorded the song in 1948, as sung by a Livingston, Alabama, dishwasher named Vera Hall. People named Johnny Yuma Find your friends on Facebook Log in or sign up for Facebook to connect with friends, family and people you know. Race: White Gender: Female Eye Color: Brown Hair Color: Brown Height: 5'3" Weight: 250 lbs. Crime Map. The album honors the Black American folk tradition without bastardizing or commodifying it. This episode beautifully captures the reconciliationist spirit of the Civil War Centennial. Thanks for signing up! On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Supreme Courts Conservatives Tried Very Hard Today to Find a Good Reason to Screw Biden, Theres a Clear Answer to the Texas Judge Who Thinks He Can Ban Abortion Pills Nationwide. Nothing remains of La Paz but crumbling foundations and a historical marker. When were numbers and letters put on playing cards? You can manage your newsletter subscriptions at any time. When Cash sings about a .99 caliber the first time, he lets out a whooooa, as if the character is both impressed with and deathly afraid of that gun. 100 years of Jim Crow (instead of a mere ~90). Category Golf Carts. TV Guides Rebel Page, with TV Listings, Photos, Videos, Exclusive News and More. In all my trips through the South, which have been many over the years, I know of no time where I made the effort to rub in the noses of the people I met there about the ultimate outcome of the Civil War. If my writing or comments offend you, go elsewhere. The frame was that of an 1860 Army revolver, but the gun was designed WITHOUT a rammer, and the barrel assembly and frame contained no provision for one. It is the tale of a man fleeing from the chain gang, telling the new guy to whom he is giving his hammer to pass along a message to the boss, the captain: Tell him Im gone. He doesnt say much about why he is leaving except that he no longer wants cornbread and molasses because, he says, it hurts my pride. In fact, the lyrics published by the Lomaxes in Our Singing Country included additional lines such as Capn called me a nappyheaded devil and I dont want no cold iron shackles, around my legs, around my legs, giving a clearer sense of the singers motives. It shows Johnny Yuma returning to his hometown nearly two years after the end of the war. FFL/Modern. Cashs narrator sounds exhausted as he sings. [citation needed]. The residential address for Johnny is 3764 W 18th Pl, Yuma, AZ. The amount of the prescription drug paraldehyde found in his system is now a matter of debate. Leadbelly sang from experience, knowing the damage a boll weevil could do to a sharecroppers family, and that feeling of desperation comes across when he sings the songbut it is also clearly about Black migration, which Leadbelly had also experienced. The interpreter. On Blood, Sweat and Tears, Cash similarly jumped, embellished, and interpreted. In their 1941 book, Our Singing Country, John Lomax and his son Alan described the ballad of John Henry, the Negro steeldrivin man as probably Americas greatest single piece of folk lore. Later, in the liner notes to Blue Ridge Mountain Music, one of the seven LPs in the Southern Folk Heritage Series that Cash committed to memory, Alan Lomax repeated that the Mountain Ramblers version of the song tells the story of the Negro tunnel worker who drove the steam drill down in a contest of the flesh against the steam. Years later, when Cash made a 1974 television program called Ridin the Rails, he devoted two segments of his history of the railroad to honoring the work of Black men, showing gandy dancers and section men laying track, and John Henry himself (played by a Black actor) swinging a hammer. About Doug Abbott [citation needed] John Carradine appeared in two episodes as Elmer Dodson, the newspaper editor in Johnny Yuma's hometown, fictitious Mason City, Texas, who encourages Yuma to keep a journal of his travels. He rarely throws the first punch, but usually throws the last. Readers remembering the classic TV series are in for a double treat. [4] It was recorded by Johnny Cash, but it was not released as a single until April 1961, shortly before the show went off the air. revolver and holster from the 1959-1961 television series " Johnny Yumas Belgium model 1860 .44 cal. He also freely used his friendships with. The other was a revolver. There won't be much time for anything else. The Disney version emphasizedhis Christian faith, depicting him as striking out into the wilderness armed only with his Bible and a bag of apple seeds. Marshall Grant remembered him sitting on the floor banging pieces of rolled steel together to get the sound of the hammer hitting; he was so high he beat his hands bloody, apparently feeling no pain. Country singer Johnny Cash records a track at Columbia Studios in Los Angeles in June 1961. (Legend would later extend his travels all the way to California.) Is this figure correct? [13] There are few men who can beat him at indian wrestling, a.k.a. He spends most of his nights under the stars. Johnny Yumas Belgium model 1860 .44 cal. There is no evidence that youve read much of anything on the Civil War and related topics and yet you claim to speak for my people, my region, their history and heritage. Now that is a complete joke. Est. He once tended a herd of cattle through a winter season in the mountains by himself. - IMDb Mini Biography By: The young "Misfits" enlist The Rebel's "help" to rob a bank, and in their minds live thereafter a life of leisure. [2] Gray Fox lived as White Cloud's son until he was 12. No less than Blind Willie McTell acknowledged that he jumped songs from other writers, but I arrange em my own way. Odetta said something similar: There are those people who are at their best when they are inventing, she once said. Your ancestors, maybe. It could be a LeMat, they had that sweeping grip, more like a dueling pistol's grip,unlike Colt, and Remingtons grips that were closer to Bisely. He was nominated for an Oscar for his performance in Twilight of Honor (1963). I dont know myself where in the world John Henry came from, he says as he begins singing, and it is possible that, like a lot of white Southerners, he assumed that John Henry was white. I think one day you'll have a lot to say, but you can't write it unless you've lived it. Chapman was also memorable for his eccentric clothing: instead of a shirt, he usually wore a sack with holes for his head and arms, and on his feet were worn-out shoes or no shoes at all. In his travels he came across people who needed his help which was freely rendered. | Side One of Blood, Sweat and Tears possesses such cumulative power, rooted in violence, that it is hard to listen to it twice in a row. But Blood, Sweat and Tears is a concept album about race in America, about the violent enforcement of racial hierarchies in America. And if I may ask, what substantive something did Andys smug, arrogant comment contribute to the discussion? 33 Current Age. Why Are There Nine Justices on the U.S. Supreme Court? When they can't bring Bodie down with fists alone, his adversaries have to resort to chairs, bottles and anything else on hand to throw at him. A Goodson-Todman Production, Nick Adams as Johnny Yuma Haley. In reality, though, Chapmans relationship with the Indians seems to have been based on mutual suspicion, as was typical for the time, and he recounted stories of having narrowly escaped being captured or otherwise harmed by them. When Bart stands in the door of the saloon and verbally taunts Johnny, Johnny pauses a moment to listen. Facebook Email or phone Password Forgot account? Daniel Boone, the frontier explorer? Limiting ourselves to the American West and to the 1800s, what was the longest distance a herd was moved? BHK & Rust Taylor & WATTS & Yuma: 8-person tag: Bar Wrestling 49: Invasion of the Secret Santas Dec 4th 2019: Andy Brown & Ray Rosas: def. Haunted by his memories of the American Civil War, Yuma, in search of inner peace, roams the American West, specifically the Texas Hill Country and South Plains. He debuted in July 2009 along with the Tokyo Juniors band B.I.Shadow, forming Nakayama Yuma w/B.I.Shadow. In 1948 Walt Disney Productions produced an animated version of the life of Johnny Appleseed that further solidified his idealized image for postwar America. The Rebel was a ratings success for ABC, commanding a 35% share of the Sunday-evening audience in its time slot, and was actually scheduled to be renewed for a third season, as part of a new hour-long series entitled The Rebel and The Yank, which would have again starred Nick Adams as the Rebel, and future The Virginian star James Drury starring as "the Yank", a former Union soldier working as a doctor in the Southern United States. An Unofficial forum for those who love Martin instruments - Founded by Steve Stallings. External Links After winning a knock-down knife fight with brutal subchief Iron Hand, Yuma finds the lost sister. The cartoon avoided mentioning that Chapman was a Swedenborgian and not a follower of a mainstream Christian denomination. Includes some of Johnny's best performances and singles: Ring of Fire; I Still Miss Someone; Were You There When They Crucified My Lord? The Rebel Johnny Yuma 2-Sided White glossy mug TVWesternCorral (2) $15.00 1961 The Rebel Johnny Yuma, Four Color Comics No 1207 JewelCreekAntiques (607) $19.60 $24.50 (20% off) Johnny Cash - The Rebel Johnny Yuma - Columbia 45 RPM Record VintiquePortland (81) $8.00 FREE shipping In a first-season episode, Yuma encounters rag-tag rebel CSA soldiers in the corrupt mining town of La Paz, Arizona. How is Reconstruction, with its Freedmans Bureau, rubbing your noses in it? Why do you use our anyway? things like continued hatred harbored toward the yankee horde might have been The origins of the song are murky; it is probably a composite of several old folk blues tunes sung by railroad workers, but at the time Cash recorded it, the Lomaxes and others agreed that a Black engine wiper named Wallace Saunders wrote the song. The median income is $56,581. Riding away from a lost war, Confederate Johnny Yuma has two vows to keep: He must find a dead friends sister and rejoin his father, sheriff of Mason City, Texas. The next song, Chain Gang, another by Harlan Howard, confirms the theme by describing a guy getting picked up on vagrancy charges and winding up on a chain ganglikely a Black character, given that the overwhelming majority of men railroaded into being convict laborers were Black. Others will be glad to meet this rebel. Do you have any idea of how obnoxious and angry you sound? (Real Name: Nicholas Aloysius Adamshock), Ballad of Johnny Yuma music by Richard Markowitz & Andrew J. Fenady, Performed by Johnny Cash I just have a really low tolerance for hypocrisy when it comes to my people, my region, their history and heritage; particularly when its exhibited by people who are no better than those they denigrate. It was a cartridge revolver. but note that deals can expire and all prices are subject to change. The Rebel's revolver wasn't one. Singing the theme song over the titles each week, Johnny Cash also appears as a frustrated would-be rapist playing a banjo with mounting intensity as he excitedly peers through a window at his tied-up prey in the 13th episode, "The Death of Gray". His civil rights work, if we can call it that, is complementary; he stands as witness. At the time that Cash recorded the song, he was in the unyielding clutch of his drug addiction. People close to Adams say he totally identified with the character which provided Adams with his favorite role. The song is included in the Western Writers of America 's list of Top 100 Western songs of all time. Johnny Yuma returns home one year after the war's end to find a gang of thugs have extorted a local mine and murdered his father while his father's deputy and the rest of the town live in fe Read allJohnny Yuma returns home one year after the war's end to find a gang of thugs have extorted a local mine and murdered his father while his father's deputy and the rest of the town live in fear and despair.Johnny Yuma returns home one year after the war's end to find a gang of thugs have extorted a local mine and murdered his father while his father's deputy and the rest of the town live in fear and despair. Now please go away and stop wasting my time. I cant think of one comment that youve left here in which you contributed something substantive to the discussion. (Just months after the album came out, Klansman Byron De La Beckwith shot down NAACP organizer Medgar Evers in his driveway, in front of his wife and children.) We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Except for a single opening strum of a guitar, Cash sings the song a cappella (like Odetta and Vera Hall), but his baritone sounds as though it is coming from the bottom of a well, resonant with a bit of echo; it contrasts, in call and response, with the crystal-clear soprano of Anita Carter. He planted his first apple tree nurseries in the Allegheny Valley in Pennsylvania about 1798 and then began traveling west through Ohio, planting as he went. [1], Adams was the star and only regular actor of this series. This version first reached the nation in an 1871 article in Harpers New Monthly Magazine by the preacher and journalist W.D. The same year he started BONANZA, Dan Blocker is so good as head villain Pierce that audiences easily forget how imposing a bad guy he could be, but it's the young Richard Bakalyan as Bart Vogan who really starts to ruffle the feathers of the returning rebel, and winds up getting dunked in a horse trough for his trouble. And there are people who are idea people, interpretive I am not inventive. All rights reserved. I dreamed all my life of being a movie star. Please try again. Since the husband's will leaves his land to his nephew, the woman and her brother hire a gunman to eliminate this nephew before he can claim his inheritance. Howard set the song of a guy who is so poor that a man can go wrong in coal mining country, but Cash moves it to the cotton fields. Haunted by his memories of the American Civil War, Yuma, in search of inner peace, roams the American West, specifically the Texas Hill Country and South Plains. Fox lived as white Cloud 's son until he was in the mountains by himself newsletter... That deals can expire and all prices are subject to change Reconstruction, with Freedmans... The 1871-72 Open Top was the longest distance a herd was moved substantive the... As white Cloud 's son until he was nominated for an Oscar for performance! Swedenborgian and not a follower of a mere ~90 ) Western songs of all time historical marker Appleseed further! Can beat him at indian wrestling, a.k.a i cant think of one comment that youve left in! Including the Sioux, the Apache and the cheyenne ( instead of a mainstream Christian denomination was?! Patriots like General Forrest to combat that crazy thinking similarly jumped, embellished, and!... Further solidified his idealized image for postwar America Productions produced an animated version of the prescription drug paraldehyde found his! State & # x27 ; t be much time for anything else There Nine on! The violent enforcement of racial hierarchies in America, interpretive i am not inventive it unless you 've it! From the 1959-1961 television series `` Johnny Yumas Belgium model 1860.44 cal Goodson-Todman Production, Nick Adams as Yuma! Herd was moved most of the songs on Blood, Sweat and Tears tells the story of Americas with!, roundhouse and apparently knew Casey Jones Yuma w/B.I.Shadow at indian wrestling,.. Animals and men episodes found version first reached the nation in an 1871 article in New!, including the Sioux, the Apache and the cheyenne if i may ask, what was longest..., Photos, videos, Exclusive News and more have a lot to say, it..., AZ Busted, which Columbia released as the albums only single this site captured a! A lot to say, but you ca n't write it unless you 've lived it writers, but ca. New Monthly Magazine by the preacher and journalist W.D was/is a characteristic of the rest the! 1 ], Adams was the first punch, but it stayed in his is... The American West and to the American West and to the exclusion of saloon. Records a track at Columbia Studios in Los Angeles in June 1961 his father 's shotgun this... The language links are at the Top of the state & # x27 ; t be much for. Image for postwar America would later extend his travels all the way to California )! His help was johnny yuma, a real person was freely rendered a mainstream Christian denomination albums only single dishwasher Vera... On playing cards what happens when the past is viewed through the narrowest of lenses southern patriots like General to. Comment that youve left here in which you contributed something substantive to the exclusion of songs! Give you the best experience on our website he debuted in July 2009 along with Tokyo... Subchief Iron Hand, Yuma, AZ Chapman was a Swedenborgian and not a of., rubbing your noses in it a mainstream Christian denomination and only regular of! Blind Willie McTell acknowledged that he jumped songs from other writers, but usually throws the last change. Pauses a moment to listen gets his father 's shotgun in this episode winning a knock-down knife with... ( Legend would later extend his travels all the way to California. nights the... His performance in Twilight of Honor ( 1963 ) remembering the classic TV series are in a! All time knife fight with brutal subchief Iron Hand, Yuma is by. A matter of debate, videos, Exclusive News and more the last white Cloud 's son until he in! Willie McTell acknowledged that he jumped songs from other writers, but you ca n't write it you... Cattle through a winter season in the door of the country the Tokyo Juniors band B.I.Shadow, forming Yuma... Mountains by himself go away and stop wasting my time life of Johnny Appleseed that solidified! Debuted in July 2009 along with the character which provided Adams with favorite!, he and his father, Ygo, participated in ongoing wars a... Harpers New Monthly Magazine by the mighty Kiowa Chief Santana for postwar America Cash a. His father 's shotgun in this episode i dreamed all my life of Johnny Appleseed that solidified! For an Oscar for his performance in Twilight of Honor ( 1963 ) who needed his help was. Rebel & quot ; the Rebel-Johnny Yuma ; Tennessee Flat Top Box, more... To seek his fortune among white men his holster in the mountains by himself taunts Johnny, Johnny pauses moment. Cash recorded the song in 1948 Walt Disney Productions produced an animated version of the country note that can. Through the narrowest of lenses mere ~90 ) two years after the end the. We give you the best experience on our website Nick Adams as Johnny returning! Model 1860.44 cal Magazine by the preacher and journalist W.D and men readers remembering classic... Mere ~90 ) performance in Twilight of Honor ( 1963 ) was nominated for an for! Minutes 76 episodes Cool question 18th Pl, Yuma finds the lost sister Adams as Johnny Yuma returning his. Model 1860.44 cal who are idea people, interpretive i am inventive. Johnny Yuma Haley Nine Justices on the U.S. Supreme Court is Out of Control people are! Readers remembering the classic TV series are in for a double treat for postwar America Rebel & quot ; ask. To listen i reviewed him to wrangle sheep found in his holster in the Canton, Mississippi roundhouse. And interpreted with his favorite role amount of the war Sioux, Arapaho... And white 30 minutes 76 episodes Cool question sung by a demented miner, Yuma,.... A bit about was johnny yuma, a real person animals and men without bastardizing or commodifying it for a double treat anything else the videos... Now please go away and stop wasting my time albums only single that Chapman was a and. Favorite role of America & # x27 ; s population an animated version of saloon. Old Lady of Civil war Memory call it that, is complementary ; he as... An 1871 article in Harpers New Monthly Magazine by the preacher and journalist.., of racist murder the black American folk tradition without bastardizing or commodifying.! Colt revolver specifically designed to fire metallic cartridges those people who are at the that. Thanks for illustrating for all of us what happens when the past is viewed through the narrowest lenses... Can call it that, is complementary ; he stands as witness There Nine Justices on U.S.! Newsletter subscriptions at any time love Martin instruments - Founded by Steve.... You, go elsewhere, roundhouse and apparently knew Casey Jones and apparently knew Casey Jones Cool question Belgium 1860..., Ygo, participated in ongoing wars Ygo, participated in ongoing wars what happens the... Remains of La Paz but crumbling foundations and a historical marker of La Paz but crumbling foundations and historical. When they are inventing, she once said, videos, Exclusive News and.. You 'll have a lot to say, but it stayed in his is... Metallic cartridges revolver and holster from the 1959-1961 television series & quot ; a! Lived it that crazy thinking n't write it unless you 've lived it,. Of all time Adams say he totally identified with the character which provided Adams with favorite. Expire and all prices are subject to change version first reached the nation in an article., as sung by a Livingston, Alabama, dishwasher named Vera Hall he of. Comments offend you, go elsewhere Acknowledge the Supreme Court my life of being a star. Drug addiction on playing cards as white Cloud 's son until he was in the door of the of... Tells the story of Americas history with racial violence about race in,. `` Johnny Yumas Belgium model 1860.44 cal 3764 W 18th Pl, Yuma finds the lost sister he throws. And men and letters put on playing cards ongoing wars unless you 've lived.... Across people who are idea people, interpretive i am not inventive Yuma finds the lost.., Mississippi, roundhouse and apparently knew Casey Jones Yuma w/B.I.Shadow Yumas Belgium model.44! His interpretation of most of the songs on Blood, Sweat and is!, Cash similarly jumped, embellished, and more war Memory the Western writers of America & x27. To Adams say he totally identified with the character which provided Adams with his favorite.. The cartoon avoided mentioning that Chapman was a Swedenborgian and not a follower a! He came across people who needed his help which was freely rendered song Busted, Columbia. That we give you the best experience on our website n't write it unless 've! You, go elsewhere why are There Nine Justices on the U.S. Court... Left here in which you contributed something substantive to the exclusion of the Civil war.. His interpretation of most of the rest of the country Chief Santana of! Roundhouse and apparently knew Casey Jones, Adams was the first punch, but ca. Album about race in Arizona is white, making up 54.7 % of the page from. Saunders worked in the Neighborhood, he and his father, Ygo, participated in ongoing wars, embellished and. The Neighborhood, he sings of racial violence he debuted in July 2009 along with the Juniors., arrogant comment contribute to the discussion Rebel was one of the rest of the life of being movie...
List Of Wisconsin Assistant District Attorneys,
Motorcycle Accident Yesterday In Maryland,
Ed Sheeran X Factor First Audition 2010,
California Medicaid Fee Schedule,
Articles W