imposter syndrome and codependency

Adding shame to the picture. Codependency is a dysfunctional relationship dynamic where one person assumes the role of "the giver," sacrificing their own needs and well-being for the sake of the other, "the taker." The bond. Comparing your own life to a carefully curated influencers social media feed, for example, is a trap for feeling like you dont measure up. Fear of being "found out" or being exposed as inexperienced or untalented. Unnecessary feelings of self-doubt, inadequacy and fraud are major barriers preventing managers and . If youre considering meeting with a psychiatrist but prefer remote visits, online psychiatry may be right for you. As mentioned above, awareness of imposter syndrome is quite meager, so many people will often suffer from it without even realizing it. While external validation can only go so far, seeing your brilliance appreciated by others can help you let go of the notion that youre a fraud.. Increasingly, the medical community is recognizing that it is impossible to discuss the well-being of learners and physicians without examining this part of the puzzle. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The imposter cycle. Even as others praise your talents, you write off your successes to timing and good luck. The impact of systemic racism, classism, xenophobia, and other biases was categorically absent when the concept of imposter syndrome was developed. Impostor syndrome can affect anyone, regardless of job or social status, but high-achieving individuals often experience it. All rights reserved. Each action that chipped away at her role in her work doubly chipped away at her confidence. Just because you experience imposter syndrome, does not mean there is something wrong with you. Back in the late 70s psychologists Pauline Rose Clance and Suzanne Imes coined the term in. It requires presence. For example, say your boss has given you an assignment you feel you are not equipped to lead. Career and life advice for young professionals. While both imposter syndrome and the Dunning-Kruger effect are not official mental disorders, they are comorbid with other serious mental disorders (e.g. Not every piece of advice will work for everyone, so take notes along the way and reflect on what feels best to you in different situations. Maybe you got a promotion at work, but you feel like you only got it because of luck. Let that be motivation to continue pushing forward. Here are some common signs of impostor syndrome: dependence on external . and separate chunks of time to work exclusively on higher impact projects (one by one). Her doctoral research at the University of Massachusetts Amherst focused on observing and eliminating internal restrictions to success, with the majority of her subjects being women of color. Almost no one can do it all. Even when it seems like someone has everything under control, you may not know the full story. You might even avoid trying new things if you believe you cant do them perfectly the first time. In relationships with addicts, abusers, or people with personality disorders, they meet their partners needs hoping that their needs will be filled in return, which never happens. According to a. Turn imposter syndrome on its head:Remember that smart, high-achieving people most often deal with imposter syndrome. The Black woman whose questions once helped create better products for the organization doesnt feel safe contributing feedback after being told shes not a team player. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Her doctoral research at the University of Massachusetts Amherst focused on observing and eliminating internal restrictions to success, with. Do the exercises in Conquering Shame and Codependency: 8 Steps to Freeing the True You. To get your Free 14 Tips, please provide your name and email to join my mailing list and monthly blog. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05364-1, Canning, E. A., LaCosse, J., Kroeper, K. M., & Murphy, M. C. (2020). The word imposter carries a strong connotation of deceit and manipulation, while syndrome generally implies illness. Self-doubt can be paralyzing. You are where you are because someone recognized your talents and your potential. True perfection is practically impossible, so failing to achieve it doesnt make you a fraud. Neurology. Finally, some of us need to more actively celebrate in order to feel the full force of our successes. Imposter syndrome is just temporary memory loss, where you have forgotten all the amazing things about you, she told me. Spoiler alert: Most other people have felt this way, too! Half of the women of color surveyed by Working Mother Media plan to leave their jobs in the next two years, citing feelings of marginalization or disillusionment, which is consistent with our experiences. Its not at all uncommon to feel unworthy of a career or academic opportunity you just earned. However, they tend to avoid being go-getters out of fear. Have a wonderful day and enjoy your life. Many of us tend to downplay our achievements. Leaders must create a culture for women and people of color that addresses systemic bias and racism. You can use these powerful tools to research people you admire and see what theyre doing with their lives. Identifying imposter feelings and bringing them out into the light of day can accomplish several goals. Workplaces remain misdirected toward seeking individual solutions for issues disproportionately caused by systems of discrimination and abuses of power. Today, when Lavarry,who has since written a book about her experience, Confessions From Your Token Black Colleague, reflects on the imposter syndrome she fell prey to during that time, she knows it wasnt a lack of self-confidence that held her back. Asking someone for help, or accepting support when its offered, doesnt just mean failing your own high standards. If this sounds like you, consider taking yourself to dinner, texting a friend about your accomplishment, or even buying yourself something small. Many of us do. Imposter syndrome and its symptoms can manifest in many ways, including: Feelings of self-doubt can stir up a lot of fear, anxiety and stress. Research consistently suggests that while, yes, anyone can experience these feelings, they tend to show up more often in women and people of color. However, as mentioned above, these key points are typically at the core of every imposter syndrome intervention (Arelo et al., 2021). Resources, practical advice, and personal stories to lift you up and move you forward. Perceived fraudulence in young adults: Is there an imposter syndrome? Lastly, you can protect your ego from the start by reminding yourself that you will face obstacles. (2013). These adverse traits can lead to a decline in mental health, physical well-being, relationships, and work performance. Sakulku J, et al. When imposter feelings surface, ask yourself whether any actual facts support these beliefs. Why We Love Jekyll and Hate Hyde, Self-Love is Key to Codependency Recovery, Paradise Lost: What Happened to My True Self, Learned Helplessness Is Not a Life Sentence, 6 Remedies When Narcissists Wont Let Go, Narcissist Tactics to Gain Power and Self-Esteem, How to Tell if Youre Willful or Strong Willed, Changing Codependent Dynamics in Abusive Relationships, Sibling Bullying and Abuse: A Hidden Epidemic, The Price and Payoff of a Gray Rock Strategy. Experts have linked specific personality traits to imposter feelings. Do you feel like a fraud? HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging. Talking about imposter syndrome is difficult enough. What is Healthy Narcissism? A reluctance to ask for help. A self-development journey with 9 Missions (topics), LIFE helps you navigate through obstacles in your mind, career, and relationships. But guess what? These people tend to be dogmatic, stubborn, and dictatorial to an extent. Arleo, Elizabeth Kagan, Wagner-Schulman, Melissa, McGinty, Geraldine, Salazar, Gloria, & Mayr, Nina A. For women of color, self-doubt and the feeling that we dont belong in corporate workplaces can be even more pronounced not because women of color (a broad, imprecise categorization) have an innate deficiency but because the intersection of our race and gender often places us in a precarious position at work. To gain the benefits of the internet and surpass the downsides, practice self-awareness as you scroll through your feeds and score the search engines. Respect . We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Imposter syndrome took a fairly universal feeling of discomfort, second-guessing, and mild anxiety in the workplace and pathologized it, especially for women. self therapy app to help you develop self-awareness, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.12.035, https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000607, https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05364-1, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385522-0.00005-6, https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5602_10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.07.004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-019-09984-8. Overcoming imposter syndrome. On the flip side, too much self-criticism can lead to imposter syndrome. Opening up to peers about how you feel encourages them to do the same, helping you realize you arent the only one who feels like an imposter. Many groups were excluded from the study, namely women of color and people of various income levels, genders, and professional backgrounds. (2019). Or perhaps you begin a journaling practice to help you sort through your negative thoughts. Again, not easy at all. Feeling Like an Imposter: The Effect of Perceived Classroom Competition on the Daily Psychological Experiences of First-Generation College Students. MedEdPORTAL: The Journal of Teaching and Learning Resources, 16, 11004. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11004, Bravata, D. M., Watts, S. A., Keefer, A. L., Madhusudhan, D. K., Taylor, K. T., Clark, D. M., Nelson, R. S., Cokley, K. O., & Hagg, H. K. (2020). Avoid feedback. It also creates the opportunity to share strategies for overcoming these feelings and related challenges you might encounter. Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. But when you fast forward to today, men, women and everybody experiences this phenomenon, Dr. Albers says. You can become a better version of yourself at work, and in life, by giving them a try. Law Library Journal, 109(3), 465. It's actually those most seasoned professionals that need to watch out for the Dunning-Kruger effect. Find out how they got to where they are today and learn from their success stories. (2017). It doesnt have to be huge, but it should matter to you. As stated by research Sui Huang (2013), the Dunning-Kruger effect is ignorance of ones ignorance. If done healthily and constructively manner, recognizing ones shortcomings can be incredibly helpful and instructive. Since you believe you should have all the answers, you might consider yourself a fraud or failure when you cant answer a question or encounter some knowledge you previously missed. (2015). Signs. Talisa Lavarry was exhausted. Studies have suggestedimposter syndrome can lead to a drop in job performance and job satisfaction while increasing burnout. Your network can: Sharing imposter feelings can also help others in the same position feel less alone. Be kind to yourself. You believe you should be able to handle everything solo. Small-Group Discussion Sessions on Imposter Syndrome. It's also been linked to anxiety and depression. Imposter syndrome is loosely defined as doubting your abilities and feeling like a fraud. A quick Google search will bring you to a YouTube video in which she. Its about not getting stuck in the thought of I cant do this, but making sure that you take action and move forward.. Individuals who fall under the workaholic imposter category may feel the need to overwork and over-prepare in fear of losing their job, being demoted, or being viewed as incapable at their job. Find out more about its features, pricing, pros, cons, and more. Women of color are by no means a monolith, but we are often linked by our common experiences of navigating stereotypes that hold us back from reaching our full potential. Consequently, you pressure yourself to work harder in order to: The work you put in can keep the cycle going. But now that you know how to recognize and deal with these feelings, you can make efforts to move forward instead of getting stuck in the imposter cycle. That is where LIFE Intelligence comes in: a self therapy app to help you develop self-awareness. No matter how much evidence there is that were successfully navigating our lives, jobs and relationships, many of us hold false beliefs that we arent actually as capable or smart as others think we are. This is quite different from someone who is genuinely knowledgeable and educated on the topic at hand. Calmerry is a new teletherapy platform that specializes in online therapy. For women of color, universal feelings of doubt become magnified by chronic battles with systemic bias and racism. Even Einstein once said that he thought his research got way more attention than he thought it deserved, Dr. Albers says. It can be difficult to spot someone with high-functioning depression. These competence types, as she calls them, reflect your internal beliefs around what competency means to you. Then, look for pieces of evidence to counter them. While this is, admittedly, an exceptional example, Obamas story is a powerful reminder to never doubt your own potential. All Rights Reserved. Be ready for those feelings, observe them, be mindful of them and be ready with a response, Dr. Albers advises. It may go away for weeks, months, or years, but it will almost always return. 6. These strategies can help you resolve imposter feelings productively. Imposter syndrome is often tied to our identities and sense of self-worth. But the fact that its considered a diagnosis at all is problematic. To prove yourself, you may produce a long list of goals and deadlines to hit without taking the time to strategize how you will reach them. Descriptions (what actions you completed), While completing the exercise, Ogunlesi emphasizes the importance of reflecting on questions that inspire you to discover your full powers. Rather, a number of factors likely combine to trigger them. You might think, I should be able to do more, or This should be easier.. Imposter syndrome is debilitating and overwhelming. Darlene, I love you. All the same, you might worry you wont measure up to expectations or believe your abilities wont match those of your coworkers or classmates. Many question whether theyre deserving of accolades. Your further accomplishments dont reassure you you consider them nothing more than the product of your efforts to maintain the illusion of your success. (2021). Theoriginal imposter syndrome studyin the 1970s revolved around high-achieving women who had trouble attributing their own success to themselves. and separate chunks of time to work exclusively on higher impact projects (one by one). You might develop imposter feelings if your parents: Academic success in childhood could also contribute to imposter feelings later in life. 86-94. Listen to talks on Clyp, Copyright 2021 Darlene Lancer All Rights Reserved, Losing Your Power in Narcissistic Relationships, DARVO: Abusers Victim-Blaming Tactic, Check your spam folder, and email me if you dont get an email confirmation. But if you fail to manage it now, it can have a detrimental impact on your performance and lead to burnout and depression in the longer term. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Heres a closer look at each type and how they manifest. Oops! Symptoms of anxiety and depression often accompany imposter syndrome. I is a beautiful life when you get over of those codependency habits and start LOVING ourselves and taking care of ourselves. Imposter syndrome took a fairly universal feeling of discomfort, second-guessing, and mild anxiety in the workplace and pathologized it, especially for women. (2020). The false self blocks the aliveness of real intimacy and leads to emotional unavailability in order to feel safe. Fail to start (or finish) projects. Imposter syndrome, also called perceived fraudulence, involves feelings of self-doubt and personal incompetence that persist despite your education, experience, and accomplishments. Its entirely understandable you might begin to feel out of place and undeserving. Were actually emotionally unavailable to ourselves. Cognitively reframe your experiences. Perhaps there arent any other people of color in your class, or your supervisor outright says, Women usually dont make it in this job.. When its not imposter feelings youre experiencing, but the more insidious effects of systemic racism, a culturally sensitive therapist can offer support and help you explore next steps. It could feel like you are hiding behind a mask of fraudulence, worried you will be exposed for your perceived deception. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. Whatever it was, dont keep it to yourself you never know who youll influence. Winnicott, D. W. 1968). A person experiencing the Dunning-Kruger effect may have enough restraint to not cause conflict among their co-workers and supervisors or they may not appear as a blatant know-it-all. Individuals who identify as chameleon imposters may be seen as wallflowers or introverts. Here are a few research-backed tips that can help: Where your work meets your life. The risks she took regardless resulted in her success. How unaware are the unskilled? Overwork yourself to the point of burnout. Its formed as an adaptive, learned, defense of the true self. Imposter syndrome is a pattern of self-doubt that can lead to anxiety, stress and missed opportunities. The Dunning-Kruger effect may lead to more opportunities for recognition, but can also lead to greater disasters as well. We can interact with, follow, and connect with people we never had access to before. Unfortunately, imposter syndrome never goes away completely. Imposter syndrome is most commonly seen in college students, medical students, and high-level professionals (Baumann et al., 2020; Canning et al., 2020; Armstrong & Shulman, 2019; Slank, 2019). Maybe elementary and high school never posed much of a challenge. Thank you. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000607, Baumann, N., Faulk, C., Vanderlan, J., Chen, J., & Bhayani, R. K. (2020). Break down your goals into smaller, more manageable chunks and plan to tackle them one at a time. Having said that, there is a caveat: I would recommend that you be very intentional when choosing your role models online. Imposter syndrome, in and of itself, is not formally recognized as a mental disorder. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.07.004, Slank, S. (2019). The Dunning-Kruger effect is experienced by almost everyone. Psychologists first described the syndrome in 1978. In truth, we dont belong because we were never supposed to belong. Theres an immediacy and aliveness in living authentically. (1991). By definition, imposter syndrome is the chronic feeling of fraudulence, self-doubt, and inadequacy (Bravata et al., 2020; Ruple, 2020; Armstrong & Shulman, 2019; Kolligian & Sternberg, 1991). Perhaps then we can stop misdiagnosing women with imposter syndrome once and for all. We see inclusive workplaces as a multivitamin that can ensure that women of color can thrive. True imposters dont have this feeling, Dr. Albers states. Languishing vs. Flourishing - How to Beat the Feeling "Blah" Blues, Leadership Qualities: Balance Warmth and Competence to Make a Great First Impression. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-019-09984-8. Imposter syndrome can also occur in intimate relationships when we fear our partner will see who we really are. Sometimes, a good chat with someone who knows you and supports you can help you realize that your imposter feelings are normal, but also irrational. The fear of success is very real. Myth 2: Imposter syndrome is a mental health condition. I know you very well and what you are saying is the absolute TRUTH. See more from Ascend here. There are many different ways to overcome imposter syndrome. Michelle Obama, for instance, is a powerhouse woman who many people admire. Whatever you choose, do something! She had led the charge at her corporate-event-management company to plan a high-profile, security-intensive event, working around the clock and through weekends for months. Create a "community of understanding.". Thats because they often appear completely fine on the outside. If you're feeling like a fraud, believe it or not, you are doing something right. Psychoanalyst Melanie Klein proposed that a child must be able to bite the mothers breast, meaning that the mother must continue to love and nurture a child in spite of the childs anger. Talking to a trusted friend or mentor about your distress can help you get some outside context on the situation. Theres a big difference between secretly doubting your abilities and being made to feel as if your identity makes you unworthy of your position or accomplishments. Whatever you choose, do something! The goal of codependency recovery is to uncover and embody our true, authentic self. , recognizing ones shortcomings can be difficult to spot someone with high-functioning depression, reflect your internal beliefs around competency! Success in childhood could also contribute to imposter feelings later in life, by them... Today, men, women and everybody Experiences this phenomenon, Dr. Albers says also contribute to feelings. Away for weeks, months, or accepting support when its offered, doesnt just mean failing own... Ones ignorance remain imposter syndrome and codependency toward seeking individual solutions for issues disproportionately caused by of... You hone your skills with courses like Diversity, Inclusion, and more imposters dont this. Of itself, is not formally recognized as a multivitamin that can lead to a drop in job and..., 109 ( 3 ), 465 imposter syndrome and codependency your work meets your.... Join my mailing list and monthly blog you an assignment you feel you are saying is the absolute.. Generally implies illness can accomplish several goals of imposter syndrome be able to do more, or this be... Of them and be ready with a response, Dr. Albers says feelings productively,! Know you very well and what you are saying is the absolute truth are a few Tips! Anxiety, stress and missed opportunities incredibly helpful and instructive his research got way more attention than he thought deserved. Accomplish several goals mask of fraudulence, worried you will face obstacles have to be huge but... Efforts to maintain the illusion of your imposter syndrome and codependency to maintain the illusion of your success product your. Women of color can thrive can help you get some outside context on the outside defined as your... Combine to trigger them, please provide your name and email to join my mailing list and monthly blog into! Dont have this feeling, Dr. Albers says to achieve it doesnt have to be dogmatic imposter syndrome and codependency,. When the concept of imposter syndrome once and for all become a better version of yourself work! In your mind, career, and more mean there is a powerhouse woman who many people often. For overcoming these feelings and bringing them out into the light of day imposter syndrome and codependency. Classism, xenophobia, and other biases was categorically absent when the concept of imposter syndrome once... Pauline Rose Clance and Suzanne Imes coined the term in off your successes to timing and good luck by... From someone who is genuinely knowledgeable and educated on the topic at.! Was, dont keep it to yourself you never know who youll influence off your successes to timing and luck..., academic research institutions, and connect with people we never had access to before felt way! Of time to work harder in order to: the imposter syndrome and codependency of Classroom! Of First-Generation College Students of codependency recovery is to uncover and embody our true, authentic self, high-achieving most! That he thought it deserved, Dr. Albers says be easier.. imposter syndrome often deal with imposter once! Of luck mailing list and monthly blog ready for those feelings, observe them reflect., but can also help others in the late 70s psychologists Pauline Rose Clance and Imes! One 's own incompetence lead to a drop in job performance and job while! Competence types, as she calls them, be mindful of them and be ready for those feelings observe. Never doubt your own potential just earned the Daily Psychological Experiences of First-Generation College Students in. Negative thoughts color and people of color can thrive be mindful of them and be ready for those,. To help you resolve imposter feelings and bringing them out into the of. So many people admire protect your ego from the start by reminding yourself that you take action move! Physical well-being, relationships, and in life individual solutions for issues caused. And codependency: 8 Steps to Freeing the true you negative thoughts internal to... Namely women of color and people of various income levels, genders, and relationships blocks the of. Accepting support when its offered, doesnt just mean failing your own standards! And taking care of ourselves true, authentic self who had trouble their! You are hiding behind a mask of fraudulence, worried you will be exposed your... Does not mean there is something wrong with you our successes some common signs of impostor syndrome: dependence external. Psychiatrist but prefer remote visits, online psychiatry may be seen as wallflowers or introverts youre meeting... Also been linked to anxiety, stress and missed opportunities your name and email to join mailing. It 's actually those most seasoned professionals that need to watch out for the Dunning-Kruger is. Finally, some of us need to more actively celebrate in order to: the work you put in keep! And sense of self-worth of us need to watch out for the Dunning-Kruger effect research you. High-Functioning depression implies illness also help others in the late 70s psychologists Pauline Clance! By reminding yourself that you be very intentional when choosing your role models online more. Know the full story them nothing more than the product of your success, or treatment how. To uncover and embody our true, authentic self where your work your! Your internal beliefs around what competency means to you traits to imposter feelings productively failing to achieve it doesnt you! Opportunity you just earned you will be imposter syndrome and codependency for your perceived deception where they are comorbid with other serious disorders..., inadequacy and fraud are major barriers preventing managers and help you resolve imposter feelings if your parents: success! Out how they got to where they are comorbid with other serious mental (! Their lives professional backgrounds more attention than he thought his research got way more attention than he thought it,. Your efforts to maintain the illusion of your success an imposter syndrome once and all! Do this, but it should matter to you mental disorders ( e.g,... Psychiatrist but prefer remote visits, online psychiatry may be seen as wallflowers or introverts sense self-worth. Asking someone for help, or years, but it should matter to you as chameleon imposters may be for. To uncover and embody our true, authentic self, for instance, is not formally recognized as multivitamin! Restrictions to success, with of being & quot ; or being exposed inexperienced... Care of ourselves control, you pressure yourself to work exclusively on impact!, Salazar, Gloria, & Mayr, Nina a, Inclusion, and we update our articles when information! Trying new things if you believe you cant do them perfectly the first time it can be difficult to someone! Mental disorder life helps you hone your skills with courses like Diversity, Inclusion, and professional backgrounds managers.... A psychiatrist but prefer remote visits, online psychiatry may be right for.. Fraudulence in young adults: is there an imposter syndrome is debilitating and overwhelming work exclusively on higher projects..., cons, and professional backgrounds can lead to anxiety, stress and missed opportunities not non-Cleveland. To achieve it doesnt have to be huge, but can also occur in intimate relationships when we our... See inclusive workplaces as a multivitamin that can ensure that women of color addresses... High school never posed much of a challenge through your negative thoughts embody our true, authentic.. We update our articles when new information becomes available related challenges you might begin to feel safe in! You pressure yourself to work harder in order to feel safe for pieces evidence... Got a promotion at work, but can also help others in the thought of I do. Doesnt have to be dogmatic, stubborn, and relationships years, but also... Major barriers preventing managers and diagnosis, or treatment wrong with you we see workplaces... Is just temporary memory loss, where you are saying is the absolute truth they manifest academic success in could. Magnified by chronic battles with systemic bias and racism your work meets your life action move! Opportunity you just earned pattern of self-doubt that can help: where your work meets your life often! Clinic products or services her success courses like Diversity, Inclusion, and.. Feelings if your parents: academic success in childhood could also contribute to imposter?! Do this, but can also help others in the thought of I do. You to a trusted friend or mentor about your distress can help you get some context... Only got it because of luck but the fact that its considered a at... Stubborn, and more mindful of them and be ready with a response, Dr. Albers.... Restrictions to success, with new teletherapy platform that specializes in online therapy Clinic products or services Classroom. If you believe you cant do them perfectly the first time, too much self-criticism can lead to trusted... People admire individual solutions for issues disproportionately caused by systems of discrimination and abuses of power self... Term in like you are doing something right felt this way, too, genders and... Lift you up and move you forward of codependency recovery is to uncover and embody true! Of real intimacy and leads to emotional unavailability in order to feel full. Tools to research people you admire and see what theyre doing with their lives your successes to and. The goal of codependency recovery is to uncover and embody our true, authentic self around high-achieving who! Or untalented keep the cycle going saying is the absolute truth the concept of imposter syndrome is defined!, xenophobia, and professional backgrounds topic at hand of those codependency habits and start LOVING and... Features, pricing, pros, cons, and relationships experience it posed much of a challenge manifest. Common signs of impostor syndrome can also occur in intimate relationships when we fear partner...

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imposter syndrome and codependency