These carried only 63 rounds of 8.8cm ammunition to provide room to accommodate the extra radios and equipment,[8] and had additional armour on the engine compartment. [29], The Maybach HL234, an engine born from the developments initiated by attempting to convert the Maybach HL230 to fuel injection, would have increased the power from 700 to at least 800 PS (hp). The Tiger I was a 57 tonne German heavy tank that has become one of the most famous tanks in history. This analysis is based on the losses assembled and tabulated by Ron Klages in his book Trail of the Tigers. Within the crew compartment was space for five. The outer road wheels have been removed and narrow tracks put in place to decrease vehicle width, allowing it to fit within the loading gauge on the German rail network. The only working example is displayed at the Muse des Blinds, Saumur, France. The Tiger II was under-powered, like many other heavy tanks of World War II[citation needed], and consumed a lot of fuel, which was in short supply for the Germans. [39], The Schwere Heeres Panzer Abteilung 501 (s.H.Pz.Abt. (German: schwere Panzerabteilungen), were elite battalion-sized World War II tank units, equipped with Tiger . The transmission was the Maybach OLVAR OG 40 12 16 Model B, giving eight forward gears and four reverse, which drove the steering gear. It had a rear-mounted engine and used nine steel-tired, eighty-centimeter-diameter overlapping road wheels per side with internal springing, mounted on transverse torsion bars, in a similar manner to the original Henschel-designed Tiger I. As a result, they were surprised when they met them in combat for the first time in June 1941. Their mission was to attack and advance into the enemys rear. The Henschel version used a conventional hull design with sloped armour resembling the layout of the Panther tank. Attempts were made to adapt this gun to the T-34 but without meaningful success. The fate of the crew remains a mystery but the fact that the tank was abandoned seems to have been considered dishonorable. (2020, August 29). US M4 Sherman or Soviet T-34) this allowed for fine laying of the gun without the gunner needing to use his traverse handwheel. Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1972-064-61 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE , via Wikimedia Commons. 25,762 Panzer I - 1493 " II - 1856 " III - 5774 " IV - 8800 Panther - 6000 Tiger I - 1347 Tiger II - 492. If the Tiger was considered irrecoverable this may be because the area was under Allied control, or it may be because the weight of the Tiger made recovery impractical. To remove as much noise as possible, while still retaining some level of detail, three tiers of grouping were used. The tank weighed almost 70 tonnes, and was protected by 100 to 185mm (3.9 to 7.3in) of armour to the front. The Tiger II was also used in significant numbers, distributed into four heavy panzer battalions, during the Ardennes Offensive (also known as the 'Battle of the Bulge') of December 1944. It is very likely a known figure, or at least a figure known to be within a specific range. [64] [30], Apart from research, training, and a five-tank attachment to the Panzer Lehr, the Tiger II was only issued to heavy tank battalions (schwere Panzer-Abteilungen) of the German Army (Heer), or Waffen-SS. The final version of the tank weighed 54 tons . . 40/43 projectile between the same ranges. How many tanks did Germany make World War 2? list many of them destroyed or abandoned by their own men. This was set against the loss of 25 Tiger IIs; ten were knocked out by Soviet troops and burned out, two were sent back to Vienna for a factory overhaul, while thirteen were blown up by their crews for various reasons, usually to prevent them from falling into enemy hands. The Tiger was still at the prototype stage when it was quickly brought into service, and therefore changes were made throughout the production run, including a redesigned turret with a lower cupola. As the war dragged on, Germanys money and resources depleted. Tanks were a different matter altogether. North Korean T-34-85 knocked out by bazooka teams led by Major General William F. Dean. However, Soviet testing contradicted this as they found that the frontal glacis could be destroyed by firing 34 shots at the weld joints from the ranges of 500600m[57] which were found to be inferior in quality to that of previous German designs like the Tiger I or Panther. [8] The Sd.Kfz. Knowing these commanders would be operating their most vital and expensive piece of hardware, Panzer general Heinz Guderian allowed engineers to fill the Tigers manual the Tigerfibel with humour and a playful tone, as well as racy pictures of scantily-clad women to hold soldiers interest. [17], Henschel won the design contract, and all Tiger IIs were produced by the firm. Early Tigers were fitted with a snorkel allowing them to cross rivers up to a 13 feet depth, though this was later abandoned, reducing the depth to 4 feet. A new video at the YouTube channel .css-3wjtm9{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.125rem;text-decoration-color:#1c6a65;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-3wjtm9:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Military History Visualized breaks down actual data on the German Tiger tanks. Despite its formiddable reputation, the Tiger had chiefly defensive qualities, predominantly supporting medium tanks by destroying enemy tanks at long-range to forge breakthroughs on the battlefield, while mainly ignoring hits from smaller Allied anti-tank guns. The vehicle was the costliest German tank to produce at the time. On the Western Front in 19441945, 4,477 British Commonwealth tanks were destroyed, including 2,712 M4 Sherman tanks, 656 Churchill tanks, 609 Cromwell tanks, 433 M3 Stuart light tanks, 39 Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger tanks, 26 Comet tanks, 2 M24 Chaffee light tanks.[8]. In May 1943, the Soviets fielded the SU-152 self-propelled gun which used in an anti-tank role proved highly effective. It was very expensive to manufacture, both in terms of money and resources. Many stories of Allied tanks refusing to engage Tigers reflect different tactics rather than a fear of the Tiger. . What Did People Wear in Medieval England? Combined with the Turmzielfernrohr 9d (German "turret telescopic sight") monocular sight by Leitz, which all but a few early Tiger IIs used, it was a very accurate and deadly weapon. The concentrated Tiger-Abteilung correctly employed tactically will always bring success[42][43], Notwithstanding its initial reliability problems, the Tiger II was remarkably agile for such a heavy vehicle. A single Tiger used enough steel to build 21 105-millimeter howitzers. For example, tanks lost due to a unit surrendering does not fit into neither a combat nor a non-combat category. In these battles the Tiger II Ausf B has performed remarkably well regarding armour, armament and mechanical reliability. Tigers in August 1944 destroyed or damaged ten tanks on either side. To give you a general sense, in April of 1945 the Germans have about 90 tanks on all of the Western Front. During the transfer, the two tanks suffered from various mechanical breakdowns; the cooling system was insufficient for the excessively hot weather, where the engine tended to overheat and cause a consequential failure of the gearbox. [4] A Tank Destroyer engaged a Tiger near Foy. This system allowed for very precise control of powered traverse, a light touch on the pedal resulting in a minimum traverse speed of 0.1 deg/sec (360 degrees in 60 min), unlike in most other tanks of the time (e.g. It proved capable of passing completely through its "colleague", a Tiger Ausf B's turret at a range of 400 m. The armour of one vehicle was tested by firing at it with shells between 100 and 152mm calibre. Though designed as a breakthrough weapon, by the time they saw combat in large numbers Tigers largely were used to anchor defensive strong points. The Tigers were thoroughly destroyed. The most important strike, which is clearly visible today, saw a 6-pounder round scrape the underside of the Tigers 88mm gun, before hitting the gun mantlet and lodging itself in the turret ring. Get time period newsletters, special offers and weekly programme release emails. The thing that made this tank so feared and respected was the huge 88mm gun which could destroy a Sherman tank at ranges up to 3600 yards. Unlike the German Panther tank, the Tiger I did not draw inspiration from the T-34. Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-310-0899-15 / Vack / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE , via Wikimedia Commons. [44], The first combat use of the Tiger II was by the 1st Company of the 503rd Heavy Panzer Battalion (s.H.Pz.Abt. Another design contract followed in 1939, and was given to Porsche. (Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-022-2935-24 / CC). [36][37] Henschel's chief designer, Erwin Aders, said, "The failure occurred because the Tiger II went into production without considering the test results. Anne Boleyn and Katherine of Aragon Brilliant Rivals, Hitler vs Stalin: The Battle for Stalingrad, How Natural Disasters Have Shaped Humanity, Hasdrubal Barca: How Hannibals Fight Against Rome Depended on His Brother, Wise Gals: The Spies Who Built the CIA and Changed the Future of Espionage, Bones in the Attic: The Forgotten Fallen of Waterloo, The Rise and Fall of Charles Ponzi: How a Pyramid Scheme Changed the Face of Finance Forever. Another way to measure effectiveness, as the channel explains, is to examine how much of a threat the Allies considered the Tiger battalions. After their first encounters on the battlefield, Allied tank crews reported virtually every tank they encountered as a Tiger Tank, which was unlikely because the Germans only managed to build 1,347 before production stopped in August 1944. One Porsche version had a gasoline-electric drive (fundamentally identical to a Diesel-electric transmission, only using a gasoline-fueled engine as the prime mover), similar to a gasoline-electric hybrid but without a storage battery; two separate drivetrains in parallel, one per side of the tank, each consisting of a hybrid drive train; gasoline engineelectric generatorelectric motordrive sprocket. The only weapon that proved effective was the 88 mm KwK 36 L/56 gun. H. While Porsche had lost the competition, he provided the nickname Tiger. [22] If power was lost, such as when the tank ran out of fuel, the turret could be slowly traversed by hand, assisted by the loader who had an additional wheel, which could manually rotate the turret at a rate of one-half a degree per each revolution of the hand crank; a 20 turret rotation required 40 full cranks of the handwheel, and to turn the turret a full 360 the gunner would be required to crank the handwheel 720 full revolutions. Overlapped 800mm (31in) diameter road wheels with rubber cushions and steel tyres rode inside the tracks. 501) resisting the LvovSandomierz Offensive. A large network of firms produced components for the Tiger, which were then transported by rail to Henschels factory in Kassel for final assembly, with a total construction time of around 14 days. Also on the 19th, two Tigers were engaged by a Sherman, a 57 mm gun, and infantry with bazookas. Allied tank destroyed by Axis during Second Mondial War: American Sherman, Soviet T-34, T-26, T-28, Brithish Matilda, French Char B1 and KV-2, KV-1, IS-2, Pe. Ground pressure was 0.76kg/cm2 (10.8 psi). For the purpose of this analysis, it is not important whether a loss was due to, for example, a British or an American M10 tank destroyer. The Armys Next 'Tank' Could Look Like Anything, Russia Dredges Up Ancient BTR-50 Vehicles, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. (2) "German tank losses here include all fronts; the tank exchange ratio deletes estimated German losses to Anglo-American forces and so reflects only the Soviet-German loss. Grouping information naturally results in a loss of detail and nuance. [32], A standard battalion (Abteilung) comprised 45 tanks:[32], Units that used the Tiger II were as follows:[33], Early Tiger IIs proved unreliable, owing principally to leaking seals and gaskets, an overburdened drive train originally intended for a lighter vehicle, and teething problems with the final drive and steering unit; both of which had been newly designed for the Tiger II. It has the production turret and is accessible to the public. On 15 October 1944, Tiger IIs of 503rd Heavy Panzer Battalion played a crucial role during Operation Panzerfaust, supporting Otto Skorzeny's troops in taking the Hungarian capital of Budapest, which ensured that the country remained with the Axis until the end of the war. The complete route of combat (250km) was covered without any major mechanical breakdowns. As the war dragged on, Germany's money and resources depleted. Unlike other tanks, Tigers were primarily assigned to independent heavy tank battalions of 45 tanks each that the high command parceled to help out in particularly tough battles. All it took was a German adversary like the awe-inspiring Tiger tank with its 88-millimeter gun. It was only used by South African forces, mostly in Eastern Africa during WW2. And how did the invasion impact on Germanys eventual defeat? The thing that made this tank so feared and respected was the huge 88mm gun which could destroy a Sherman tank at ranges up to 3600 yards. [40], Henschel worked closely with crews to solve the mechanical problems, and with the introduction of modified seals, gaskets and drive train components, as well as improved driver training and sufficient maintenance, the Tiger II could be maintained in a satisfactory operational condition. May 14, 2000. p. 73. Tigers suffered a large number of non-combat losses, however, as the chaos of wartime and the Tigers mechanical finickiness chipped away at the number of deployable tanks. With the invasion of the Soviet Union the following month, the German Army was stunned to encounter armor that was vastly superior to their tanks. Other suggested improvements included stabilised sights, a stabilised main gun, an automatic ammunition feed (often known as an auto loader), a Carl Zeiss AG stereoscopic rangefinder, heated crew compartment, stowage for an additional 12 rounds, and an overpressure and air filtration system to protect against poison gas. Tiger I crew making track repairs in the field. [24], The command variant of the Tiger II was designated Panzerbefehlswagen Tiger Ausf. Transverse torsion bar suspension supported the hull on nine axles per side. In such as the Baltic, Beyelorussian, Kiev and Voronezh-Voroshilovgrad defensive operations, 20-30,000 small arms, 90-290 tanks, 200-520 guns and mortars and 30-100 combat aircraft were lost daily. Track failures, engine fires and broken gearboxes meant many Tigers broke down and had to be abandoned. The Tiger was also limited in range by its high fuel consumption. Panther & its variants by Walter J. Spielberger p. 276. In the years since World War II, much mythmaking has mucked up history with various often incredible claims about the effectiveness of certain weapons. Underpowered like many of the World War II heavy tanks, the engines consumed a . 268 used FuG 7 and FuG 5 radios with a two-metre rod antenna mounted on the turret roof and a 1.4 metre rod antenna mounted on the rear deck. The first five Tiger IIs delivered to the Panzer Lehr Division broke down before they could be used in combat, and were destroyed to prevent capture. With the arrival of the Tiger II design in January 1944, Tiger I production began to wind down with the last units rolling out that August. [9][10] Contemporaneous Allied soldiers usually called it the King Tiger or Royal Tiger[citation needed]. This was far beyond the range of the guns mounted on the Allied tanks, so before an Allied tank had any chance of destroying it, it had to be well inside the range of the Tiger. . "World War II: Tiger I Tank." The initial design is often misleadingly called the "Porsche" turret due to the misbelief that it was designed by Porsche for their Tiger II prototype; in fact it was the initial Krupp design for both prototypes. In December 1943 the more common "production" turret, sometimes erroneously called the "Henschel" turret, was simplified with a significantly thicker flat face (which eliminated the shot trap caused by the curved face of the earlier turret), and less-steeply sloped sides, which avoided the need for a bulge for the commander's cupola, and added additional room for ammunition storage. It was salvaged by the French Army in September 1944 and then stored in a factory in Satory before being transferred to the museum in 1975. Anderson, Thomas (2017). Maintaining this fuel supply was tricky, and was susceptible to disruption by resistance fighters. The Tigerfibels success resulted in more unorthodox manuals emulating its style. Despite Henschels design being chosen, Ferdinand Porsche did give the tank its nickname, Tiger, with the Roman numeral added after the Tiger II entered production. 267 and Sd.Kfz. If one counts Tiger tanks versus the number of enemy tanks claimed destroyed by Tiger tanks, Tiger tanks killed 11.52 tanks for every one of their own destroyed in battle. Panzer Mark VI Tiger. Featuring firepower and protection at the expense of mobility, the Tiger's look and layout were derived from the earlier Panzer IV. In an early encounter with the Allies in Tunisia, 8 rounds fired from a 75mm-wide artillery gun were said to have ricocheted off the side of a Tiger from a distance of just 150 feet. Jack Beckett has been editor of War History Online since 2012. Driving a modern car to the village on the narrow, steep and sharply curved roads, had required frequent use of low gears. SHAEF, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force. First fielded in 1942, the Tiger was meant to forge breakthroughs on the battlefield, destroying enemy tanks at long range while shrugging off hits from lesser Allied anti-tank guns. Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-022-2935-24 / Wolff/Altvater / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE , via Wikimedia Commons. Mounting the 88 mm KwK 36 L/56 gun and thick armor, the Tiger proved formidable in combat and forced the Allies to alter their armor tactics and develop new weapons to counter it. [55], The heavy armour and powerful long-range gun gave the Tiger II an advantage against all opposing Western Allied and Soviet tanks attempting to engage it from head on. Photo: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-721-0359-35 / Vennemann, Wolfgang / CC-BY-SA 3.0. The Tiger I saw service until the end of the war despite the arrival of the Tiger II in 1944. Without the gunner needing to use his traverse handwheel earlier Panzer IV ] the... Tricky, and was protected by 100 to 185mm ( 3.9 to 7.3in ) of armour to T-34. 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