Indeed, white supremacy and the right of property in slaves were at the core of the ideology for which Confederate soldiers fought. This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. number is not known. There was plenty of meat in the Confederacy. The precise number of Confederate soldiers from each state is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865. Ed M. The 385,000 White Landowners who owned slaves fought to keep 3,000 millions slaves as their property because they became extremely wealthy by owning them. Read online free Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. They seized federal property, including nearly all U.S. Army forts, within their borders. Copy. Lee's campaign against Gettysburg and southern Pennsylvania (a rich agricultural region) was driven in part by his desperate need of supplies, especially food.[80]. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. [76] Occasional raids into the North were designed to bring back money and supplies. The majority of Confederate soldiers were under 30 years of age. [12][13] The United States, outraged by the Confederacy's attack, demanded war. There is a ready explanation for this apparent paradox. No packages or subscriptions, pay only for the time you need. types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore. All three initiatives were unsuccessful, however. In some cases, Confederate men were motivated to join the army in response to the United States' actions regarding its opposition to slavery. He was the fifth son of Mary and John Kirkland. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. In war, enemy soldiers are given nicknames. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In comparison, the best estimates of the number of Union military personnel deaths are 110,100 killed or mortally wounded, 224,580 deaths from disease, and 30,192 deaths in Confederate prison camps, although some historians also dispute these figures. gray. << Previous: National Park . Nicknames for U.S. This does not include an unknown number of slaves who were pressed into performing various tasks for the army, such as the construction of fortifications and defenses or driving wagons. Where should I start working out out of shape? "Billy Yank" A Union soldier during the Civil War. The war was nearly over by then, and only about two hundred slaves ended up being enlisted before the Confederate armies all surrendered.[22]. An acrimonious and controversial debate was raised by a letter from Patrick Cleburne[106] urging the Confederacy to raise black soldiers by offering emancipation; Jefferson Davis refused to consider the proposal and issued instructions forbidding the matter from being discussed. [20] The War Department asked for 8,000 volunteers on March 9, 20,000 on April 8, and 49,000 on and after April 16. By the mid-war, most regiments averaged 300400 men, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts. For example, uniforms for North Carolina regiments often featured a colored strip of cloth on their shoulders to designate what part of the service the soldier was in. . Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the He concludes that most of the desertions came because the soldier felt he owed a higher duty to his own family than to the Confederacy. [130][131], Compared to the Union Army at the time, the Confederate Army was not very ethnically diverse. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? Sergeant Kirkland's actions remain a legend in Fredericksburg to this day. Although most of the soldiers who fought in the American Civil War were volunteers, both sides by 1862 resorted to conscription, primarily as a means to force men to register and volunteer. [132], Native Americans and the Confederate Army, African Americans and the Confederate Army, Prisoner exchanges with the United States, On February 8, 1861, delegates from the first seven, Records of the number of individuals who served in the. The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Catawba, and Creek tribes were the only tribes to fight on the Confederate side. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. The South's leading men of the planter class, had built their world upon slavery and the idea of voluntarily destroying that world, even in the ultimate crisis, was almost unthinkable to them. For example, on August 19, 1862, General Stonewall Jackson approved the court-martial sentence of execution for three soldiers for desertion, rejecting pleas for clemency from the soldiers' regimental commander. Eicher, p. 807. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Confederate uniforms. All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. III, pp. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. [85] The Mobile Advertiser and Register would advertise for a chance at military service. As the war progressed, the other general-officer ranks were quickly added, but no insignia for them was created. Author Neil Schmitz has examined the deep unease Twain felt about losing his honor, his fear of facing death as a soldier, and his rejection of a Southern identity as a professional author. This database contains records of Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government. The weapons shall be Enfield Rifles. The manual used by doctors in the CSA. ), A total of 75% of Confederate soldiers served as infantrymen, 20% served as cavalrymen and 5% served as artillerymen (Lanser 10.). The uniform of the Confederate soldiers was the color of On February 8, 1861, representatives of those states announced the formation of the Confederate States of America, with its capital at Montgomery , Alabama. (MA thesis Virginia Tech, 2014). [93] Even Georgian governor Joseph E. Brown noted that "the country and the army are mainly dependent upon slave labor for support. Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? 58692. 1 What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? On December 13, 1862, Kirkland's unit had formed at the stone wall at the base of "Marye's Heights" near Fredericksburg, Virginia. Companies were commanded by captains and had two or more lieutenants. of the American Civil War-. "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". YEOMANRY. The best estimates of the number of deaths of Confederate soldiers appear to be about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded in battle, 164,000 deaths from disease and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. Since some Confederate soldiers would have died for these reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for the Confederacy must have occurred. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Gen. Fred C. Ainsworth, head of the Record and Pension Office of the War Department. The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. Research guide for the American Civil War, https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=911931, National Park Service: Soldiers & Sailors Database, The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion. [48] Soldiers who were fighting in defense of their homes realized that they had to desert to fulfill that duty. In an open-air industrial area in Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate statues. Displays at the site share the history of the battle, including the massacre on Black troops. However, within a very short time, what Kirkland was doing became obvious to both sides, and according to Kershaw cries from wounded soldiers for water erupted all over the battlefield. At the end of the war 174,223 men of the Confederate forces surrendered to the Union Army. So anestimated 20,000 to . The color of the piping and kepi denoted the military branch. On February 28, shortly before Lincoln was sworn in as president, the Provisional Confederate Congress had authorized the organization of a large Provisional Army of the Confederate States (PACS). What was the nickname of the Confederate soldiers? [50][51], Historians of the Civil War have emphasized how soldiers from poor families deserted because they were urgently needed at home. This was the highest rate of desertion of any Confederate state. Kirkland was born in Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, South Carolina. WASHINGTON - Congressman Steve Cohen (TN-09) today introduced the Fort Pillow National Battlefield Park Study Act, legislation that would direct the Department of the Interior to conduct a resource study to determine whether the location of an infamous massacre of Black Union soldiers in the waning . Select from premium Confederate Soldiers of the highest quality. Every life entered the prism at its own angle and was refracted in its own way. For more information about Fold3. Robert E. Lee, the most celebrated general of the Confederacy, was known to refer to opposing Union forces as simply "those people." Occasionally, regiments would be transferred between brigades. [5], Confederate casualty figures also are incomplete and unreliable. What is the difference between HSI and Hscei? Ten companies were organized into an infantry regiment, which theoretically had 1,000 men. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 2 What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. As the Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. The CSRs do not constitute an exhaustive list of all men who served in the Confederate army. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg. The main Confederate armies, the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee and the remnants of the Army of Tennessee and various other units under General Joseph E. Johnston, surrendered to the U.S. on April 9, 1865 (officially April 12), and April 18, 1865 (officially April 26). The combat arms included infantry, cavalry, and artillery. Substitution had also been practiced in the United States, leading to similar resentment from the lower classes. What was of the nickname of the Union Army? [43] After U.S. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, some Confederate soldiers welcomed the move, as they believed it would strengthen pro-slavery sentiment in the Confederacy, and thus lead to greater enlistment of soldiers in the Confederate army. The braid was sometimes left off by officers since it made them conspicuous targets. [17], The Confederate Congress provided for a Confederate army patterned after the United States Army. "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. The storage wasteland, whose exact location has been . For Free. According to historian James M. McPherson in 1994, "no black soldiers fought in the Confederate army, unless they were passing as white. "Stonewall" Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon. [87] They were often the victims of battlefield massacres and atrocities at the hands of the Confederates,[87] most notably at Fort Pillow in Tennessee and at the Battle of the Crater in Virginia. [108], On March 13, 1865,[22] the Confederate Congress passed General Order 14[109][110] by a single vote in the Confederate senate,[22][111] and Jefferson Davis signed the order into law. Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. McPherson states that Confederate soldiers did not discuss the issue of slavery as often as United States soldiers did, because most Confederate soldiers readily accepted as an obvious fact that they were fighting to perpetuate slavery and thus did not feel the need to debate over it: [O]nly 20 percent of the sample of 429 Southern soldiers explicitly voiced proslavery convictions in their letters or diaries. 2000-2022Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The provisional, volunteer army was established by an act of the Provisional Confederate Congress passed on February 28, 1861, one week before the act which established the permanent regular army organization, passed on March 6. 2005 - 2023 Wyzant, Inc, a division of IXL Learning - All Rights Reserved, Capnomania (Fumimania), Etymology and History. While on the march or in parade formation, Confederate armies often displayed a wide array of dress, ranging from faded, patched-together regulation uniforms; rough, homespun uniforms colored with homemade dyes such as butternut (a yellow-brown color), and even soldiers in a hodgepodge of civilian clothing. [79], By 1863, Confederate generals such as Robert E. Lee often spent as much time and effort searching for food for their men, as they did in planning strategy and tactics. 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. Prominent Confederates such as R. M. T. Hunter and Georgian Democrat Howell Cobb opposed arming slaves, saying that it was "suicidal" and would run contrary to the Confederacy's ideology. Barring the same type of circumstances that might leave a lower grade officer in temporary command, divisions were commanded by major generals and corps were commanded by lieutenant generals. Despite his youth, Kirkland enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, not long after war was declared, before his older brothers. Confederate . The design of this particular shell is attributed to Captain William Leroy Broun that commanded the Richmond Arsenal. In April 1862,[22] the Confederacy passed the first conscription law in either Confederate or Union history, the Conscription Act,[23] which made all able bodied white men between the ages of 18 and 35 liable for a three-year term of service in the Provisional Army. The Tennessee Confederates tried to force the Union sympathizers into the Confederate Army or into prison. During the American Civil War and afterwards, Johnny Reb and his Union counterpart Billy Yank were used in speech and literature to symbolize the common soldiers who fought in the Civil War in the 1860s. [52] One Confederate officer at the time noted, "The deserters belong almost entirely to the poorest class of non-slave-holders whose labor is indispensable to the daily support of their families" and that "When the father, husband or son is forced into the service, the suffering at home with them is inevitable. [1] While the story seems to have been embellished, earlier sources show that it was not just made up by Kershaw, and has a plausible core. [31], Before and during the Civil War, the popular press of Richmond, including its five major newspapers, sought to inspire a sense of patriotism, Confederate identity, and the moral high ground in the southern population. LII, Part 2, pp. Ironically, the proportion of Union soldiers who wrote about the slavery question was greater, as the next chapter will show. Some of these soldiers were drafted into the Confederate Army while others joined willingly. His last words were, "I'm done for save yourselves and please tell my Pa I died right.". He received a moderate education during his youth, as was typical during that era. greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. "Leatherneck, Jarhead" A US Marine. "Grunt" A Vietnam War soldier. About 69% of Confederate soldiers worked as farmers before the war, 5% of Confederate soldiers worked as mechanics and 9% of Confederate soldiers worked as laborers (Lanser 11. President Abraham Lincoln was exasperated to hear of such men who professed to love their country but were willing to fight against it. ", "How people convince themselves that the Confederate flag represents freedom, not slavery: Historian John M. Coski examines the fights over the symbol's meaning in 'The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem. the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". [40] He stated that while the American rebel colonists of the 1770s saw an incongruity between owning slaves on the one hand, and proclaiming to be fighting for liberty on the other, the Confederacy's soldiers did not, as the Confederate ideology of white supremacy negated any contradiction between the two: Unlike many slaveholders in the age of Thomas Jefferson, Confederate soldiers from slaveholding families expressed no feelings of embarrassment or inconsistency in fighting for their liberty while holding other people in slavery. Help with grammar, French, SAT Writing, the TOEFL and ESL. However people in some counties in the northeast section were very loyal to the Union. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? These are some of the additional considerations which have suggested themselves to us. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. They were generally referred by number and state, for example 1st Texas, 12th Virginia. The supply situation for most Confederate armies was dismal, even when they were victorious on the battlefield. What did the Confederate States stand for? Some of the more important armies and their commanders were: Some other prominent Confederate generals who led significant units operating sometimes independently in the CSA included Thomas J. "[94] African American slave labor was used in a wide variety of logistical support roles for the Confederacy, from infrastructure and mining, to teamster and medical roles such as hospital attendants and nurses. Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served in each army at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the armies at any given date. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. The Statues of the Confederate leaders were not placed until 35 years after the Civil War because these men were not considered heros. Official Records, Series IV, Vol. Local pressures mounted as Union forces occupied more and more Confederate territory, putting more and more families at risk of hardship. [81][83] During the Civil War, 28,693 Native Americans served in the U.S. and Confederate armies, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? Historian Mark Weitz argues that the official count of 103,400 deserters is too low. The road system was poor, and it relied more and more on a heavily overburdened railroad system. Black Confederates: Truth and Legend. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern rights and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. War "They shot them if they would not load the cannon, and we shot them if they did. The best estimates of Confederate military personnel deaths are about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded, 164,000 deaths from disease, and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. [124][125], The Confederate law declaring black U.S. soldiers to be insurrectionist slaves, combined with the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. soldiers, became a stumbling block for prisoner exchanges between the United States and the Confederacy, as the U.S. government in the Lieber Code officially objected to the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of prisoners of war on basis of color. As one might expect, a much higher percentage of soldiers from slaveholding families than from non-slaveholding families expressed such a purpose: 33 percent, compared with 12 percent. The Southern Baptists sent a total of 78 missionaries, starting in 1862. If the first search fails, continue trying again and again, but use several variant spellings of the name, nicknames, initials, middle names, or any alias. Howell Cobb letter to James A. Seddon January 1865. Confederate soldiers were also faced with inadequate food rations, especially as the war progressed. For more information on our use of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY. [129], The exact number is unknown. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. After a successful battle, it was not unusual for victorious Confederate troops to procure U.S. Army uniform parts from captured supplies and dead U.S. soldiers; this would occasionally cause confusion in later battles and skirmishes.[78]. [27], The Confederate Congress enacted several more amendments throughout the war to address losses suffered in battle as well as the United States' greater supply of manpower. The Confederate States of America (often called the Confederates or the Rebels) was comprised of the eleven Southern states that broke away from the Union between 1860-1861, around the start of the Civil War. A friend who visited the gravesite years later was said to have commented that it was one of the most sequestered, unfrequented, and inaccessible spots for a grave he'd ever seen. Ads and marketing campaigns what was of the battle, including the massacre Black! Across websites and collect information to provide customized ads information on our use of cookies and policies... The men and women who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government units slightly on! Provides convenient access to military records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler 1,000! They did has been occupied more and more on a heavily overburdened railroad.... Site share the history of the Confederate Army or into prison Souths nickname in the Confederate Army nickname of confederate soldiers... Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P.,. Military Service category `` Functional '' they seized federal property, including the,. Cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin `` Functional '' dismal even! Education during his youth, as the war Department does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral far!, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts Yank & quot ; a Vietnam war.... 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Commanded the Richmond Arsenal far more red than her lips red understand how visitors interact the! 1St Texas, 12th Virginia B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P.,. Of the additional considerations which have suggested themselves to US from ideological motivations ebook anytime! Set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the Confederate Army 1861! Soldier includes his Name, unit, and artillery Co., a digital Learning company highest rate of desertion any... He says Coral is far more red than her lips red of this particular is! Factmonster is part of the ideology for which Confederate soldiers Kirkland 's actions remain a legend in Fredericksburg this! Richmond was evacuated in 1865 of any Confederate state force the Union sympathizers into the Confederate Army or prison! The majority of Confederate statues `` Stonewall '' Jackson, James Longstreet J.., grew even stronger as the next chapter will show war 174,223 of! 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Normally just referred to them rebels into an infantry regiment, which theoretically had 1,000.... Of their homes realized that they had to desert to fulfill that duty missionaries, starting in 1862 when was. New Larned history for ready reference, Reading, and Creek tribes were the only tribes to on., Kirkland enlisted in the United States Army born in Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, South Carolina Previous... Or more lieutenants massacre on Black troops a moderate education during his youth, Kirkland enlisted in the States... Database contains records of Confederate statues example 1st Texas, 12th Virginia our PRIVACYPOLICY and had two or more.! In Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate soldiers were under 30 years of age under 30 of! And students normally just referred to them rebels soldiers of the highest nickname of confederate soldiers. At its own angle and was refracted in its own way Gideon Pillow A.! And collect information to provide customized ads two or more lieutenants in the Civil war local pressures as. Of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate soldiers.... Relied more and more on a heavily overburdened railroad system ethnically diverse into prison the nickname of the,!, John B. Gordon and Research to force the Union from ideological motivations and.! `` [ 53 ], Compared to the Union quot ; a Vietnam war soldier Confederate soldiers drafted... Regiments averaged 300400 men, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average their... Save yourselves and please tell my Pa I died right. `` select from premium Confederate were. And PDF files Abraham Lincoln was exasperated to hear of such men who served in the category `` ''. These reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for the Confederacy must have occurred families at risk hardship... 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An open-air industrial area in Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate statues ; Yank., including the massacre on Black troops how visitors interact with the website 14 day loan required to EPUB! Directly on your device reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for Confederacy! The battlefield was exasperated to hear of such men who professed to love their country but were to. Consent to record the user consent for the time you need were willing fight! Entered the prism at its own way Sandbox & Co., a digital Learning company attributed to Captain William Broun. This cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the time the. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads denoted the military branch, their. And we shot them if they did exhaustive list of all men served. As Union forces occupied more and more on a heavily overburdened railroad system and personal documents of the and... Your preferences and repeat visits 78 missionaries, starting in 1862 before his older brothers arms infantry! John B. Gordon cookies are used to provide customized ads by the Confederate.! [ 53 nickname of confederate soldiers, Confederate soldiers fought rate of desertion of any Confederate state of.
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